This paper describes what skin effect and proximity effect are, how they influence electric power transmission, and what steps are taken to reduce their losses.
Power Quality White Papers
Power quality white papers on Power Quality.
209 white papers in Power Quality
Getting Started with Harmonics
Harmonic distortion has become an increasingly important subject for large power consumers. Non-linear loads continue to be adopted into customer systems, which often are the root cause of power quality…
Merging Recordings in ProVision
Many PQ investigations end with a follow-up recording to verify a problem has been corrected and to gather a baseline for any further issues. Analyzing the “before” and “after” recordings…
Separating Voltage Sags from Steady State Voltage Readings
Ensuring that service voltage is within ANSI limits is a basic but important step in delivering power. Sophisticated programs such as Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) and volt/VAR optimization require continuous…
UPS Power Quality Case Study
In this white paper, power quality issues that can result from an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) are discussed. Covered are the basic operational concepts of the more popular types of…
Quickly Creating PQ Reports
The ProVision Publication Wizard is a quick way to create finished documents from individual graphs and reports. Use the wizard to create publication templates for different PQ applications, and then…
Measuring Power
The Revolution is a powerful tool for measuring and recording power quality information. With ProVision, there are a wide variety of ways to display and analyze many different types of…
Blondel’s Theorem: One Less Connection for Three-Phase Power
Polyphase power networks are among the most common networks for power transmission. They offer key advantages over single-phase networks. A polyphase system allows the same power to be distributed with…
Analyzing Voltage Sags with Event Change
Identifying the sources for voltage sags can be a somewhat complicated task. Graphs such as waveform capture can obscure the essentials with an RMS-based voltage sag. PMI provides a triggered…
CBEMA-ITIC Analysis with Stripcharts
The ITIC curve (formerly CBEMA) is a performance-oriented standard for electronic equipment manufacturers. The standard gives a method for classifying and plotting voltage events on a specially constructed graph that…
Recording for NEC 220 Compliance
Utility customers who are expanding operations or adding load must comply with National Electric Code Article 220 to determine if any electrical upgrades are needed. Many customers will ask the…
Zero Sequence Harmonics
In this whitepaper, I will discuss zero sequence harmonics: what they are, how they are created, and what issues they present to distribution systems and power quality. Zero sequence harmonics…
